Open and Closed Source and What It Means Essay Example for Free

Open and Closed Source and What It Means Essay Open-Source means it is free. No one owns it, so there is no source code, no key code, and no licensing to purchase. When Linus Torvalds created Linux, he determined that the more people or, the more minds delving into the software can make the system more creative, more improved, and the possibilities are endless. Thus, he gave Linux to the world as a free open-source operating system (Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source, 2003-2009). Open-Source is defined by the code or source code is accessible to person or persons who essentially use it or in IT definition: end-user. The user can revise and refashion or change it, as long as he or she adhere to the standards in the associated license (Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source, 2003-2009). How Open Source is different from Closed Source Closed-Source is owned by someone, or some company, and cost money. The buyer has to pay for the right to use the program, but the buyer does not own it. In the case of Microsoft Windows companies have to purchase licensing rights can purchase keys codes in volume, and individuals pay for their key codes, or rights to use the software or program (Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source, 2003-2009). Closed Source is also defined in that the code or source code is retained and maintained by the designer or developer, and they are the only ones that can make changes to it, analyze it, or scrutinize it (Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source, 2003-2009). Linux Linux is an open-source version of the UNIX operating system. It has been said According to What Is Linux And Why Is It So Popular? (1998-2013), it is as â€Å"much a phenomenon as it is an operating system† (para. 4). The original version or first version of UNIX was created some decades ago and was used mostly as a research operating system in universities. Dynamic desktop workstations from other companies flourished in the 1980s, and were all created from UNIX. Because many companies were trying to compete with each other each of them had, their own version of UNIX and software sales was very problematic. The Linux kernel created by Linus Torvalds, invited help or innovation ideas from others, but the prerequisite was that they had to contribute free. Windows Windows is a computer operating system with a GUI or graphical user interface. It is a personal computer operating system, or PC OS created by Microsoft. The first version in 1985 was presented to residential and commercial PC users the GUI that was created at an experimental lab at Xerox, as well as Apple’s Lisa and Macintosh (Mac) computers. Microsoft’s Word and excel became the customary for users throughout the world in homes and businesses. OS X OS X is also known as Mac OS X, or Mac OS 10 is the present version of the operating system used on Apple Macintosh computers. It is a user-friendly OS. Previous versions based on the original Mac OS were released in 1984. In the late 1990’s Window’s started to make Mac OS and Apple’s OS appear to be outdated, and so Apple overhauled Mac OS and generated a new OS from the ground up. Since a lot of the code was composed from scratch, a great deal of it was taken from NEXTSTEP OS. NEXTSTEP was a Unix-based system running on NeXT computers, which are no longer manufactured. Apple purchased NeXT in 1997 and Steve Jobs was hired as interim CEO. Apple then took the Unix-based code from NEXTSTEP and combined it with the GUI of Mac OS 9. It became an unwavering, high-performance OS that was as stable as UNIX and the intuitive interface of the Mac. Mac OS X 10. 0 was released in 2001. General Licensing Models (GPL) Gnu Public License, Microsoft Licensing Most software licenses are intended to not allow the user to share and change it. However, the GNU or General Public License is designed to allow users to share, copy, and change free software, or to confirm the software is free to all users. Software that safeguards these privileges are kept is called free software. The license was originally written by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation or (FSF) for the GNU project. According to Gnu General Public License, Version 3 29 June 2007 (2007), â€Å"The GNU General Public license is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works† (para. 1). Copyleft means a technique for creating a program whereby it is free; forcing any altered and expanded versions of said program to be free also. A software company provides a software license to a consumer who then provides their permission for the consumer to use their software packet or package. Typically, it comes with many restrictions, and only allows the user one copy per license. It cannot be copied or distributed in anyway. Such is the case for Microsoft. Microsoft also has volume licensing in that a corporation can purchase as many licenses, or also referred to as key codes, as they might need depending on the size of the business. When Microsoft came up with volume licensing it allowed businesses to save costs by not having to purchase the boxed software. The cost is only for the license number or key code. It can also give tailored buying choices and better software administration.

Technology’s Impact Essays -- Communication Internet Technological Pap

Technology’s Impact Is the outgrowth of technology really a threat to college student? â€Å"Hey are you in the room, Ashley?† Kate knocks the door. â€Å"Hey I forgot my key, will you open the door for me,† Kate shouted. After five minutes, Kate went next door and knocked on her suitemate’s door. Her suitemate opened the door for her. She went through the bathroom, and reached to her own room. As she opened the door she was shocked; actually there was more of an angry expression on her face. â€Å"Ashley! Why didn’t you open the door for me? I told you I would be back in five minutes and I wasn’t bringing my key with me. Why did you lock the door? Didn’t you hear what I said? Now would you get away from your screen? I think we need to talk! We never talked since you setup your computer. I think we have a lot of problem now, we need to talk!† Again and again Kate repeated her phrase. Ashley didn’t say a word and her hands kept punching her keyboard. Then she suddenly started to laugh. â€Å"Why are you laughing? What is so funny?† Kate shouted. Ashley didn’t say a word and kept punching her keyboard and kept giggling. Realizing that Ashley was IMing her internet buddies, Kate shrugged and left the room. This is what I personally observed in James Madison University . It seems that the technology is taking control in our communication world. We hardly have any face-to- face conversation anymore because we stare at the screen most of the time. I read the article Luddite vs. Fetishist which was interesting. I then had the opportunity to create a survey to find out what our attitude toward technology is and how we really are addict to it. Bill Henderson in his publication Luddite vs. Fetishist stated that computer and tech... ... this was a very limited survey that I only gave out to 20 people for each section of my survey. In some of the questions I asked in the survey the result did not vary much. Therefore, in future investigations adding ten more questions and giving out fifty surveys will have a much more accurate result. Also, I need to get a variety of majors because a computer major is going to have more of a passion for technology than an english major. I could have asked more demographic questions for background information as well. As Kate left the room, Ashley slowly selected her away message for AIM. She then opened and checked her email once again to make sure she did not miss any messages. Last, she gathered her books and left the room. On the screen, her away messages said, â€Å"At class, leave your message and I will get back to you A.S.A.C (as soon as my class is over).† Technology’s Impact Essays -- Communication Internet Technological Pap Technology’s Impact Is the outgrowth of technology really a threat to college student? â€Å"Hey are you in the room, Ashley?† Kate knocks the door. â€Å"Hey I forgot my key, will you open the door for me,† Kate shouted. After five minutes, Kate went next door and knocked on her suitemate’s door. Her suitemate opened the door for her. She went through the bathroom, and reached to her own room. As she opened the door she was shocked; actually there was more of an angry expression on her face. â€Å"Ashley! Why didn’t you open the door for me? I told you I would be back in five minutes and I wasn’t bringing my key with me. Why did you lock the door? Didn’t you hear what I said? Now would you get away from your screen? I think we need to talk! We never talked since you setup your computer. I think we have a lot of problem now, we need to talk!† Again and again Kate repeated her phrase. Ashley didn’t say a word and her hands kept punching her keyboard. Then she suddenly started to laugh. â€Å"Why are you laughing? What is so funny?† Kate shouted. Ashley didn’t say a word and kept punching her keyboard and kept giggling. Realizing that Ashley was IMing her internet buddies, Kate shrugged and left the room. This is what I personally observed in James Madison University . It seems that the technology is taking control in our communication world. We hardly have any face-to- face conversation anymore because we stare at the screen most of the time. I read the article Luddite vs. Fetishist which was interesting. I then had the opportunity to create a survey to find out what our attitude toward technology is and how we really are addict to it. Bill Henderson in his publication Luddite vs. Fetishist stated that computer and tech... ... this was a very limited survey that I only gave out to 20 people for each section of my survey. In some of the questions I asked in the survey the result did not vary much. Therefore, in future investigations adding ten more questions and giving out fifty surveys will have a much more accurate result. Also, I need to get a variety of majors because a computer major is going to have more of a passion for technology than an english major. I could have asked more demographic questions for background information as well. As Kate left the room, Ashley slowly selected her away message for AIM. She then opened and checked her email once again to make sure she did not miss any messages. Last, she gathered her books and left the room. On the screen, her away messages said, â€Å"At class, leave your message and I will get back to you A.S.A.C (as soon as my class is over).†

Medicine and Skilled Care Pharmacy Essay

I. Statement of the problem How can Skilled Care Pharmacy improve their strategy from the rapidly evolving financial structure of health care, constant evolution of medical practice, employee retention and shortage of licensed pharmacy personnel? II. Objectives * To retain employees. * To identify ways to keep up with the constant evolution of medical practice. * To address the shortage of pharmacist personnel in the company. III. SWOT analysis IV. Alternative Courses of Action 1. Skilled Care Pharmacy could provide incentives and enhance benefits for employees to be able to achieve employee retention. 2. Skilled Care Pharmacy could widen their search for pharmacist personnel from different countries. 3. Skilled Care Pharmacy could provide seminars and trainings to keep up with new medical techniques and practices. Advantages for each of the Alternative Courses of Action 1. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be able to retain much of their employees and prevent employee turnover. 2. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be able to address the shortage of pharmaceutical personnel within the organization. 3. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be guaranteed of their employee’s  capabilities and skills with regards to the ever changing medical practice. Disadvantages for each of the Alternative Courses of Action 1. Additional costs would be incurred for enhanced benefits or additional incentives given to regular employees. 2. Other pharmacists hired from overseas may not be as competitive with the usual pharmacists. 3. Additional cost would be acquired because of additional trainings and seminars for the company. V. Recommendation Follow all alternative courses of action to be able to keep up with certain changes in the company.

Nature And Importance Of Decision Making In Investment Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 797 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Very important if decision-making process rely on scientific methodology of thinking and analysis to invest specific resources for certain period of time with considering of risks and uncertainty, and also important form the point of view that to set approaches to achieve these objectives, where the success in these tasks are limited by how much decision-makers are follow scientific method to collect information needed to take a decision, important also because it gives opportunity to evaluate expected revenue from all proposed investment options, and to select the appropriate investment that comply with objectives of organization and to enable decision-makers the opportunity to chose from well studied selections of investments.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nature And Importance Of Decision Making In Investment Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Its important also because it consider for the concept of investment choices and chances, qualification and experience, convenient (that to chose the right and suitable investment), and to aware for diversify the investment risks, all these determinants makes the right decision in investment is a master key of success, because it is very easy to decide of investment but if is it the right one? Principles of investment decision: The most convenient strategy of investment that one consider basically on priority of investors according to their view about business which usually affected by many factors as profitability which determine by rate of return, and liquidity and certainty that rely on how much business resist against risks. But decision-making process should also consider for investment determinants: Interest rate: with its indirect relation with investment according to economic concepts on investment (opportunity cost) Capital marginal efficiency: represent the marginal productivity of invested capital and also defined by return on invested capital. Scientific and technological development: what huge development in technology is offers new investment opportunity and assist the existed one with pivotal facilities on communication and software, since computer and internet be as revolution in business. Risk rate: when we classified investors for three categories, as risk avoiders, risk seekers, and those in between the two categories. Economic and political settlement on investment climate: the clear example is Iraq today compare to Iraq before first Gulf war 1991. Others factors: society awareness with importance of save and investment with attainability to active financial market. The importance of trade-offs between investment projects To use of scarce resources should follow a very proper and rational decision of how to invest these resources with lowest wastes possible, that by use of all means of comparative advantages through scientific approach to search for appropriate investment that able to ably, then to prepare the scheme/s bases by studying capital required, costs estimation, size, location, technologies needed, expected demand etc. Trade-offs between investments choices as fateful decision must based on comprehensive and very precise steps and should consider for all pros and cons of evaluation measurements, and use the best appraisal standards between investment choices. Investment appraisal methods These appraisal methods are categorized in two groups, the first one is the un deducted profitability standards in certain conditions, first one is the accounting rate of return ARP, with no consideration for tax and depreciation this method give feasibility of investment by compare the result of ARP and market interest rate, investment can be acceptable and feasible when ARP is bigger than Interest rate, second is payback period PP, as short as period to return capital of investment as investment is more feasible, period of return calculated by divide primary investment costs by annual net cash flow, this method is widely used worldwide as all information required to run is available and also because this method is more appropriate for investment in fluctuated conditions with high levels of uncertainty, this method also criticized as it neglect the profits after return of capital because it focused only on period that investment could return the capital, neglects the time value of m oney when it is not deal with time of cash flow. Deducted profitability standards, as Net present value NPV, the method characterized as logic and precise added to its consideration to deduct cash flow in order to determine the present value, this method uses in international financial organization as appraisal to evaluate investment, the method criticized as it consider only for achieved return and doesnt consider for the capital amount invested to create that returns, the last method is the internal rate of return IRR, this method still adopted by international monetary fund, world bank to evaluate investment and to give loans, the standard of this methods based on rate of discount that when in flow of cash is equal to out-flow of cash, which means the discount that value investment to zero, the method also criticized as the expected cash flow according to the IRR invested usually with the same discount price, the matter is not logic in grand investment where high interest rates usually adopted. Conclusion: